[뉴욕타임즈 영어 공부] Briefing, April 2, 2020

※ 궁금한 표현이 있는 경우 댓글로 문의를 남겨 주시기 바랍니다.

 

출처: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/briefing/coronavirus-crackdowns-policing-duterte.html

Coronavirus, Global Tourism, India’s Free Press: Your Friday Briefing

 

 

Coronavirus, Global Tourism, India’s Free Press: Your Friday Briefing

Here’s what you need to know. 

By Melina Delkic 
April 2, 2020 

 

Good morning. 

We’re covering countries grappling with how to police lockdowns, a culture of fear for journalists in India and a new threat for a Manila neighborhood traumatized by Rodrigo Duterte’s war on crime.

 - grapple with: 어려운 사상을 이해하거나 어려운 문제를 해결하기 위해 노력하다

 - police: 치안을 유지하다

 - traumatize: 누군가를 매우 슬프거나, 화나거나, 당황스럽거나, 충격받게 하다

 

Image: Local police clearing out Divisoria, Manila’s largest market district, during a government lockdown.  Jes Aznar for The New York Times 

 

How far should coronavirus policing go? 

 

In Australia, the authorities have threatened people sitting alone drinking coffee with six months of jail; in the Philippines, President Rodrigo Duterte ordered the police to shoot anyone who “causes commotion” after protesters demanded food. 

 - commotion: 동요(動搖), 소요(騷擾)

 - protester: 시위자 = demonstrator

 

With orders to stay home increasingly widespread, countries, states and localities are grappling with how policing should work when it’s not clear what activities should be allowed.

 - locality: 특정 지역/구역

 

Some police departments are trying to be lenient to avoid stressing out residents in hard times; others are fully cracking down.

 - lenient: 관대한, 너그러운

 - stress out: 누군가에게 스트레스를 주다, 걱정하고 피곤하게 만들다

 - crack down: 누군가/무언가를 더 엄격하게 다루기 시작하다

 cf. crack down on: The school is cracking down on smoking.

Context: Severe crackdowns may amplify policing problems that had already existed. Some police forces are decimated by the virus. And countries with more autocratic governments have been quicker to use antagonistic tactics.

 - decimate: 대량으로 죽이다, 심하게 훼손하다/약화시키다

 - autocratic: 독재의, 횡포(橫暴)한

 - antagonistic: 적대적인, 상대방을 너무 싫어해서 매우 비우호적으로 행동하는

 cf. antagonistic toward/to: You sound very antagonistic toward her.

 

---

Here are the latest updates. We’ve also updated our maps of the pandemic to offer more detail. 

In other developments:  

 - development: 새로이 전개된 사건/국면(局面)

 

• A record 6.6 million people filed new unemployment claims in the U.S. last week, the government reported on Thursday, putting the two-week count of the newly jobless close to a staggering 10 million. Job losses around the world are shaking the global economy. 

 - claim: 보상금 등의 청구(請求)/신청

 - staggering: 충격적인

 

• Layoffs in global tourism are mounting at the rate of one million a day, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council. The industry could lose as much as $2.1 trillion by the end of the year. 

 - mount: 증가하다

 

• In a sudden shift, the U.S. and China have decided to put an end to weeks of public sniping over the outbreak and to look for ways to cooperate to slow the contagion.  

- put an end to something: (특히 나쁘거나 불쾌한 것이) 발생하는 것을 멈추게 하다 = put a stop to something

- public sniping: 공개적인 비난/비판

 

• The leaders of several former Soviet states are playing down the severity of the pandemic, with some promoting folk remedies. The president of Belarus recommends vodka and a sauna.   

- play down: 어떤 문제나 어려운 상황이 실제보다 덜 중요한 것처럼 만들고자 하다, 경시(輕視)하다, 작게 취급하다, 깎아내리다

 

• The state of New York, at the center of the U.S. outbreak, is in danger of depleting its stockpile of critically needed ventilators in just six days, the governor has warned.    

 

The Times is providing free access to much of our coronavirus coverage, and our Coronavirus Briefing newsletter — like all of our newsletters — is free. Please consider supporting our journalism with a subscription.   

 

---

 

Image: Ravish Kumar, managing editor of NDTV's Hindi news channel, which has come under pressure from Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government. Saumya Khandelwal for The New York Times   

 

 

India’s free press: Not so free anymore   

 

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government has tried to control the country’s vast array of news media like no other Indian leader in decades, according to journalists.

 - array: 다수의 연관된 사람이나 사물들의 집합

 cf. array of: an impressive array of musical talent

 cf. array와 함께 자주 사용되는 형용사들: bewildering(어리둥절하게 만드는), dazzling(눈부신, 휘황찬란한), fascinating, impressive, vast, wide

With the coronavirus pandemic, Mr. Modi has grown even more blatant, telling top news executives just before he announced the lockdown on the entire country that they should publish “inspiring and positive stories” about his government's efforts. 

 - blatant: (나쁜 행동이나 불법적인 행동을 하는 데 있어서) 뻔뻔스러운, 노골적인

 - inspiring: 영감을 주는, 고취시키는, 고무하는

His ministers have leaned on business leaders to cut off support to independent media, a bulwark for the world’s biggest democracy. Foreign journalists are barred from centers of unrest, or have trouble with visas.   

 - lean on: (무언가를 하게 만들기 위해) 압력을 가하다

 - bulwark: (신념, 사상, 생활방식 등을) 보호하는 사람 또는 사물

 - bar: 공식적으로 (어떠한 일이 발생하거나, 누군가가 무엇을 하거나, 어디로 이동하는 것을) 금지하다

 cf. bar someone from (doing) something: He has been barred from running for political office for five years.

 - unrest: 어떠한 것에 저항하기 위한 사람들의 분노에 찬 행동이나 폭력적인 행동, 불온(不穩)

Major stories, like those about rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir, sometimes go uncovered because of fear and a culture of retaliation.   

 - go + 형용사: ...하게 되다, 어떠한 상태로 변하다, 특정한 단계/상황에 있다

 - uncover: 비밀을 폭로하다

 - retaliation: 보복, 앙갚음

 cf. retaliation against: There is always the risk of possible retaliation against peacekeeping soldiers.

 cf. in retaliation (for something): The car bombings were apparently in retaliation for the arrest of the terrorists.

Context: The prime minister has tried to use the media to build a cult of personality as the nation’s savior. Senior government officials have put pressure on news outlets to ignore the uglier side of his nationalist party’s campaign to transform India from a religiously diverse and tolerant country into an assertively Hindu one.   

 - put pressure on someone (to do something): ...에 (...을 하도록) 압력/압박을 가하다

 - news outlet: 언론매체, 언론기관

 - transform someone/something into something: ...을 완전히 다른 것으로 만들다

 - assertive: 독단적인

Quotable: “A large section of the Indian media,” said one leading news anchor in India, “has become a lap dog, not a watchdog.”   

 - lapdog: 애완용 소형견, 졸졸 따라다니는 사람

 

---

 

If you have 5 minutes, this is worth it 

 

 

A new fear at the epicenter of Philippine drug crackdown   

Image: Hannah Reyes Morales for The New York Times 

A few years ago, the Market Three slum in Manila was terrorized under President Rodrigo Duterte’s brutal crackdown on drugs and crime. Now, a government plan to overhaul a nearby port threatens to force the residents from their homes and strip them of what little they have left.   

 - crackdown: 단속(團束), 탄압

 - overhaul: (기계/시스템을) 정비하다

 - strip someone of something: 폭력이나 권한을 사용하여 누구로부터 무엇을 빼앗다

 

Our reporter and photographer take you inside the slum, where residents have no one to rely on but their neighbors.   

 

---

 

Here’s what else is happening 

U.S.-Iran: President Trump warned Iran against using its proxy forces to attack U.S. troops, and said his administration had “very good information” that Iran-backed militias were planning more assaults, prompting senior Democrats to caution Mr. Trump against attacking Iran without consulting Congress.   

 - warn (someone) against: (누구에게) ...을 주의시키다, 조심하라고 (경고)하다

 - proxy: 대리(代理)(권), 위임(권), 대리인

 - militia: 민병대, 의용군

Pakistan: Ahmed Omar Sheikh, a British-born militant, is expected to be freed soon after a court in Karachi overturned his murder conviction and death sentence in the 2002 killing of the U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl, ruling that the evidence only proved his role in Mr. Pearl’s abduction, lawyers said.   

 - militant: 호전적인 사람, 투사(鬪士)

 - overturn: 판결을 뒤집다, 번복(飜覆)하다

 - conviction: 유죄 판결

Refugees: A European Union court ruled that Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic had violated their obligations as members of the bloc when they refused to take in their fair share of asylum-seekers as Greece and Italy were being overwhelmed at the height of the refugee crisis in 2015. The E.U. authorities made no mention of any penalty.   
 - take in someone: 누군가를 자신의 집이나 국가에 머무르는 것을 허락하다, 받아들이다

 - fair: 합당하고 도덕적으로 옳은

 - a fair share: 합당한 몫

 - asylum: 망명(亡命); 정신병원

 - asylum seeker: 망명 신청자

 - at the height of: ...의 절정에, ...이 한창일 때에

 - make mention of: ...에 대해 언급(言及)하다

Image: Andrew Stuart 

Snapshot: Above, Great Orme Kashmiri goats on the streets of Llandudno, Wales. Animals — including coyotes in California and rats everywhere — have ventured out as people shelter indoors.   

 - venture: (불쾌하거나, 위험하거나, 흥미진진한 곳을) 가다

 cf. venture into/beyond/out: They ventured further into the dark damp forest.

 

What we’re listening to: This short podcast from Scientific American on what linguists say could be the development of a new accent in a research station in Antarctica. Stephen Hiltner, an editor on the Travel desk, calls it “peculiar and mind-bending.”   

 - mind-bending: 환각성의, 정신착란(精神錯亂)을 일으키는

 

---

 

Now, a break from the news 

- break from: ...에서의 휴식, 해방

Image: Melissa Clark 

Cook: You can round out just about any roasted root vegetables with chickpeas and yogurt, which give the dish a luscious creamy texture.  

 - round out: (특히 또 다른 특징을 추가함으로써) 무언가를 더욱 완벽하게 만들다

 - just about: 거의 (다)

 - luscious: (음식의) 모양, 향, 맛이 매우 좋은

Play: When you look back on your memories of self-quarantine, perhaps you’ll remember today as the one where you read Seth Schiesel’s introduction to the world of interactive online gaming and started your relationship with Red Dead Redemption 2 or King of Dragon Pass.   

 - quarantine: (전염병의 확산을 막기 위한) 격리(隔離)

 - self-quarantine: 자가격리

Read: Elisabeth Egan makes a beautiful argument for reading aloud to your family, and suggests starting with “The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse,” by Charlie Mackesy.   

Watch: Travel the world without leaving your house, with our 18 favorite TV shows for vicarious exploration. 

 - vicarious: 대리(代理)의, 간접적인

Here’s our full collection of ideas on what to read, cook, watch and do while staying at home.   

 

---

 

And now for the Back Story on … 

 

 

Anthony Fauci 

 

Our most recent episode of “The Daily” podcast features Dr. Anthony Fauci, the leading U.S. expert on infectious diseases. Dr. Fauci, the Trump administration’s strongest proponent of social distancing rules, has become a target of online conspiracy theorists who accuse him of trying to undermine President Trump during an election year.   

Below is a condensed version of Dr. Fauci’s conversation with Michael Barbaro, edited for clarity.   

At what point did you realize that the coronavirus was going to be of an entirely different speed and scale than AIDS, Ebola, SARS, H1N1 or swine flu?

 - swine: 돼지

It became clear to me that we could potentially be dealing with a global catastrophe somewhere in the middle of January, when it was clear that China was seeing not only extremely efficient transmissibility, but also a disturbing degree of morbidity and mortality.   

 - transmissibility: 전파율/전파성, 전달률/전달성, 투과율/투과성

 - disturbing: 매우 불안/걱정하게 만드는, 충격적인

 - morbidity: 유병(有病)자 수

 - mortality: 사망자 수

 

Image: Dr. Anthoni Fauci, left, at a White House coronavirus briefing this week. Doug Mills/The New York Times  

 

It very much feels like you are a general in this war, in this moment. So what is a typical day like for you? Starting at what I can only assume is some ungodly hour of the morning.  

 - ungodly: 심한, 매우 나쁜; 신을 모시지 않는

 - ungodly hour: 아주 이른/늦은 시각

You’re right. We are in a war. 

You get up, there’s a lot of people who need information, which is the reason I’m talking to you right now. There are journalists, there are congressmen, there are governors, there are legislators, there are people in the federal government that constantly need briefing.   

I also am running a very large institute that’s responsible for making the vaccines and for developing the drugs. So I come in for a couple of hours, get things on the right track here, and then I spend more than half the day at the White House with various meetings. I’m with the vice president for hours at a time. I see the president himself at least an hour a day and maybe more. And then I go back home and I have a thousand things to do.   

 - on the right track: 올바르게 행동하거나 생각하는 ↔ on the wrong track

 

And then you’re lucky if you get to bed before midnight and then you get up at 4 or 5 in the morning. 

 - get to bed: 잠자리에 들다

What are some of your biggest focuses now? 

My biggest concern is that we now have a 30-day extension of the guideline mitigation. And we’ve got to get the American people to really appreciate that.   

We should be prepared to adequately address the inevitable rebound that you will see once you start pulling back on the restrictions and the mitigations.   

 - rebound: 반등하다; 되돌아오다

 - pull back (on): 후퇴하다, 물러서다, 철회하다

 

I had a very interesting conversation just this morning with colleagues from literally all over the world on the weekly telephone conference call that the W.H.O. sponsors. And it was interesting to me that some of the most cogent concerns of people from different countries, I mean all over — European, African, Australian, Canadian — was that we need to make sure we keep our eye on the balance of, if you’re too stringent in things like lockdowns and keeping people under wraps for a long period of time, you may have the unintended consequence of triggering, from an economic and societal standpoint, such a disruption that you get things like poverty and health issues unrelated to the coronavirus.  

 - cogent: 설득력 있는

 - keep an eye on: ...에 대해 조심하다, 신경쓰다; 책임지고 떠맡다; 처리/수습하다

 - keep something under wraps: ...을 숨기다, 비밀로 하다

 

That’s it for this briefing. See you next time.

— Melina 

 

---

Thank you 
To Melissa Clark for the recipe and Theodore Kim and Jahaan Singh for rest of the break from the news. You can reach the team at briefing@nytimes.com.

P.S. 
• Besides “The Daily,” with Dr. Anthony Fauci, we’re listening to the “Modern Love” podcast. This week it features the voices of readers from around the world, talking about how the coronavirus has affected their relationships. 
• Here’s our Mini Crossword, and a clue: Subtle insult (three letters). You can find all our puzzles here. 
• Jenna Wortham, a writer for The Times Magazine who co-hosts our “Still Processing” podcast, spoke to Vanity Fair about her working-from-home routine.

Melina Delkic writes the Europe edition of the Morning Briefing. @MelinaDelkic